Núcleo Disca

Disability and citizenship

Archive

  1. Memorias invisibilizadas: conmemoración del golpe de Estado desde la perspectiva de personas con discapacidad [Invisibilized memories: commemoration of the coup d’Etat from the perspective of people with disabilities]

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    Points of interest:

    • As part of the 50th anniversary of the 1973 coup d’état in Chile, various commemorative events were held, reflecting the diversity of memories in recent years.
    • This study focuses on the commemorative action organized at the National Stadium by the Colectivo Nacional por la Discapacidad (CONADIS), which involved displaying a banner created by its members.
    • From the perspective of social psychology of memory, this action can be seen as an expression of “other” memories, which are usually excluded from dominant narratives.
    • Through a critical discourse analysis of focus groups held before and after the event, three main themes were identified:
      1. Artistic intervention and commemorative discourses of the coup’s 50th anniversary from the perspective of disability;
      2. Reflections on the process of creating the banner; and
      3. Memory elements related to human rights violations against people with disabilities.
    • This study shows how the collective process of artistic creation and artistic intervention positions artivism as a form of political activism that allows people with disabilities to claim their place in society.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

  2. Inclusion of people with disabilities in Chilean health policy: a policy analysis

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    Points of interest:

    • Approximately 18% of the Chilean population has a disability. Despite having greater health needs, they face significant difficulties in accessing health services due to structural barriers in the health system.
    • Twelve health policies were analyzed using an analytical framework adapted for disability, and the presence of 21 core human rights concepts was evaluated. Although 92% of the policies mention human rights concepts related to disability, only 50% show clear policy commitments.
    • In addition, 15 national stakeholders were interviewed to assess perceptions on health policies.
    • The 15 interviewees identified three main reasons explaining the implementation challenges of disability-related health policies:
      1. Lack of financing;
      2. Inconsistent political approach to disability;
      3. Shortage of human resources.
    • It is crucial to improve both the design and implementation of disability-inclusive health policies to guarantee the right to health for people with disabilities and to comply with the human rights principles that should guide inclusive public health policy.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was published in English.

  3. Turnstile politics: practices of care and mobility justice in Santiago’s public transport system

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    Points of interest:

    • Public transport in Chile was designed without considering the different types of people’s bodies and how they move. This is seen in how people pass through the turnstiles of micros.
    • “Micro” is a way of naming public transport buses in Chile.
    • The author talks about the concept of “Mobility Justice.” This concept refers to how things surrounding people affect their mobility.
    • This study looks at how people deal with their problems with the use of tourniquets. We also observe the forms of care that people create in response to these problems.
    • This study mentions that the use of tourniquets in microphones is a mobility injustice. This is mentioned because the tourniquets make it difficult for people with different bodies to climb into the micro.
    • The author mentions that the use of tourniquets is a practice that excludes some passengers. These passengers create different ways of being able to get on the microphone and pass the turnstile. In addition, some passengers help each other to turn the turnstile or carry heavy bags that make it difficult to get through there.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was made by Núcleo Milenio DISCA, and was based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations and references.
    • This article is not free of charge. Available for purchase at the following link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17450101.2024.2380824
    • This article was originally published in English.

  4. ‘Five rungs down’: encounters between disabled parents and the medical institution

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    Points of interest:

    • We analyzed short stories where disabled parents share how they are treated by health personnel (for example, doctors and nurses).
    • Disabled parents say that health personnel do not see them and do not believe they can do things.
    • In these stories, health personnel pay more attention to the parent’s disability than to the child who needs medical attention.
    • Health personnel understand disability as something that limits a person. This can make it difficult for parents and children to get the help they need.
    • Disabled parents look for ways to deal with the way health personnel treat them and to ensure that their children receive care from the health staff.

     

    Notes:

    • This summary was made by Núcleo Milenio DISCA, and was based exclusively on the publication. It cannot be used for citations and references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  5. Gyneco-obstetric violence and its impact on the mental health of women with disabilities: a case study in Chile

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    Points of interest:

    • The central theme of the article is the analysis of obstetric violence experiences of women with disabilities in Chile.
    • The study was done by conducting in-depth interviews, and analyzing social media and shadow or alternative reports. These types of reports refer to reports built by civil society organizations. Thus, these reports are used to complement those that governments build and review whether they are complying with human rights standards in the country.
    • Data from the study show that women’s sexual and reproductive rights are violated in the Chilean health system.
    • Interviews show that obstetric violence has many ways of expressing itself. Some of these forms are forced sterilization and stigma towards women’s mental health.
    • One way to start a conversation about obstetric violence is in common spaces. So that women can share their experiences with other women who have been through similar situations.
    • It is very important that health-care teams know how to meet the needs of people with disabilities. This serves to prevent cases of obstetric violence in women with disabilities.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was made by Núcleo Milenio DISCA, and was based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations and references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  6. Haitianizacion de la migración: La falta de apego de mujeres haitianas en el discurso médico de la ciudad de Rancagua, Chile [Haitianization of Migration: The Lack of Attachment of Haitian Women in the Medical Discourse of the City of Rancagua, Chile]

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    Points of interest:

    • The objective of this article is to analyze the narratives of medical professionals in the city of Rancagua (capital of the O’Higgins Region, central Chile), about the reproductive health/motherhood of Haitian women.
    • Haitian women face more obstacles to receiving good medical care: there are no translators, there is a lack of information, and cultural differences are not respected.
    • Being a mother and a migrant is difficult. Many times, these women are judged for not fitting the image of a “good mother” according to what is expected in Chile. This puts them in an unfair position and their way of interacting with their babies is questioned.
    • Doctors in Rancagua say that Haitian women do not show enough affection to their babies. This was called “lack of attachment” in the research.
    • Doctors compare Haitian mothers with other migrant mothers and say that they do not care for their children in the same way. This creates mistrust toward them.
    • The study shows that Haitian women are discriminated against for being Black. Medical staff see them as different, inferior, or “less civilized.”
    • Racist ideas influence how these women are treated. Negative images are built that affect their access to healthcare and that of their children.
    • More births, same problems. Although the number of Haitian women giving birth in Rancagua has increased, the health system has not changed or adapted to serve them better.
    • Importance of the intercultural approach. The study says a change is necessary. Health care needs to understand and respect different cultures and ways of being a mother.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English and Spanish.

  7. Incidence of teacher reflection on the teacher’s understanding of diversity and its role in the transition to inclusive education

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    Summary:  

    This research focuses on the inclusion of people with disabilities in higher education. It proposes that reflective teaching is a tool for transitioning from an integrative to an inclusive approach. Using a qualitative methodology, it analyzes faculty perspectives on integration and inclusion, employing focus groups to gather information. The results show that the majority of faculty members favor an integrative approach, although they acknowledge the difficulties in implementing inclusion. Academics highlight the importance of curriculum adaptation, flexible methodologies, and universal learning design to facilitate the participation of students with disabilities in higher education. The analyses also reveal the constant need for faculty to adapt, which creates additional pressure, especially for those adhering to an inclusive approach. Faculty members must ground their reflection in the emotional and rational components of teaching, which play a crucial role in balancing the individual and objective freedoms of faculty and students, thus ensuring a fair and equitable educational environment for all.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus DISCA and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  8. Strategies to promote dignified and feminist academia: some collaborative reflections from Chile

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    Points of interest:

    • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and deepened gender inequalities in academia, especially affecting women scholars. This context led to the creation of the Feminist Network of the Social Sciences in Chile.
    • The Feminist Network of the Social Sciences aims to promote a feminist and dignified academia, centered on gender equality as a fundamental human right and as a core principle in the production and access to knowledge.
    • The research is based on self-training activities, critical reflection, and collective discussion carried out by this Network between the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022, following a collaborative feminist approach.
    • Strategies are proposed to promote a decentralized, decolonial, and feminist academia, structured around four key pillars:
      1. Equity and justice in the production of knowledge;
      2. Dignified working conditions;
      3. Work environments free of harassment;
      4. Democratization of access to knowledge.
    • These strategies may have practical applications, such as use by academic institutions seeking structural change, as pedagogical material in gender-focused social science courses, or as a tool for collective reflection to foster new inclusive dynamics.
    • Although the focus is on women in academia, the proposals are recognized as relevant for other marginalized groups (e.g., based on class, ethnicity, territory, or disability). The article is presented as an open contribution to the academic community, aimed at promoting structural change through concrete practices.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  9. Are children under five with disabilities’ educational rights acknowledged and supported in Chile?

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    Points of interest:

    • Between 2015 and 2023, the number of students with autism enrolled in the School Integration Program (PIE) in Chile increased by over 1,000%, revealing greater detection but also significant challenges for the inclusive education system
    • There are no clear records of children under the age of five with disabilities, which hinders the design of early and adequate public policies and intervention strategies.
    • There is weak interconnection between public institutions. The lack of coordination and clarity on which institution administers and manages records creates obstacles to accessing reliable data and developing evidence-based legislation.
    • The voluntary nature of the National Disability Registry (RND) and the lack of strategies to promote its use—such as guaranteeing anonymity and access to benefits—contribute to under-registration, particularly in early childhood.
    • Effective educational inclusion must begin in early childhood through early detection and intervention, as the first years are critical for development. This requires political will, resource mobilization, and a multisectoral approach.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English.