Núcleo Disca

Disability and citizenship

Archive

  1. Memorias invisibilizadas: conmemoración del golpe de Estado desde la perspectiva de personas con discapacidad [Invisibilized memories: commemoration of the coup d’Etat from the perspective of people with disabilities]

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    Points of interest:

    • As part of the 50th anniversary of the 1973 coup d’état in Chile, various commemorative events were held, reflecting the diversity of memories in recent years.
    • This study focuses on the commemorative action organized at the National Stadium by the Colectivo Nacional por la Discapacidad (CONADIS), which involved displaying a banner created by its members.
    • From the perspective of social psychology of memory, this action can be seen as an expression of “other” memories, which are usually excluded from dominant narratives.
    • Through a critical discourse analysis of focus groups held before and after the event, three main themes were identified:
      1. Artistic intervention and commemorative discourses of the coup’s 50th anniversary from the perspective of disability;
      2. Reflections on the process of creating the banner; and
      3. Memory elements related to human rights violations against people with disabilities.
    • This study shows how the collective process of artistic creation and artistic intervention positions artivism as a form of political activism that allows people with disabilities to claim their place in society.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

  2. Discapacidad en Chile: una introducción [Disability in Chile: an introduction]

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    Disability in Chile: An Introduction (The book is only published in Spanish)

    “Disability in Chile: An Introduction” offers a comprehensive analysis of the physical, social, and attitudinal barriers faced by people with disabilities, while promoting a shift towards a human rights-based approach. This book aims to change the paradigm of disability in Chile, placing the issue at the center of public discourse from a social and human rights perspective.

    Throughout its 10 chapters, it examines how people with disabilities face significant barriers to participating in society, from education and employment to family life, politics, and access to justice.

    The text is not limited to a single disability but addresses a wide range of experiences, using a general and inclusive approach. Moreover, the authors, many of whom have direct experience with disability, provide evidence-based analyses and propose solutions to eliminate barriers that prevent full inclusion.

    The book brings together contributions from leading experts and is aimed at a wide audience, including academics, people with disabilities, professionals in the field, family members, and anyone interested in social justice and inclusion.

    How to Access the Book:

    Discapacidad en Chile: una introducción

  3. Insumos y recomendaciones para políticas públicas e intervención social en torno a las luchas de las personas con discapacidad en América Latina [Guidelines and Recommendations for Public Policies and Social Intervention Regarding the Struggles of People with Disabilities in Latin America]

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    Points of interest:

    • It is necessary to create laws and institutions that truly respond to the needs of people with disabilities. This includes moving away from outdated models that view disability solely as a medical issue.
    • People with disabilities must directly participate in the creation of policies and programs that affect them.
    • It is important to recognize that women, LGBTIQ+ individuals, children, adolescents, Indigenous peoples, and racialized people with disabilities face different barriers. Therefore, state actions must be sensitive to these differences and ensure appropriate support for each group.
    • It is urgent to eliminate the figure of “interdiction” that still exists in several countries, which prevents many people with disabilities from making decisions about their own lives, bodies, or property.
    • A set of recommendations is proposed to realize self-determination and combat discrimination against people with disabilities.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

  4. Turnstile politics: practices of care and mobility justice in Santiago’s public transport system

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    Points of interest:

    • Public transport in Chile was designed without considering the different types of people’s bodies and how they move. This is seen in how people pass through the turnstiles of micros.
    • “Micro” is a way of naming public transport buses in Chile.
    • The author talks about the concept of “Mobility Justice.” This concept refers to how things surrounding people affect their mobility.
    • This study looks at how people deal with their problems with the use of tourniquets. We also observe the forms of care that people create in response to these problems.
    • This study mentions that the use of tourniquets in microphones is a mobility injustice. This is mentioned because the tourniquets make it difficult for people with different bodies to climb into the micro.
    • The author mentions that the use of tourniquets is a practice that excludes some passengers. These passengers create different ways of being able to get on the microphone and pass the turnstile. In addition, some passengers help each other to turn the turnstile or carry heavy bags that make it difficult to get through there.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was made by Núcleo Milenio DISCA, and was based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations and references.
    • This article is not free of charge. Available for purchase at the following link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17450101.2024.2380824
    • This article was originally published in English.

  5. Are children under five with disabilities’ educational rights acknowledged and supported in Chile?

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    Points of interest:

    • Between 2015 and 2023, the number of students with autism enrolled in the School Integration Program (PIE) in Chile increased by over 1,000%, revealing greater detection but also significant challenges for the inclusive education system
    • There are no clear records of children under the age of five with disabilities, which hinders the design of early and adequate public policies and intervention strategies.
    • There is weak interconnection between public institutions. The lack of coordination and clarity on which institution administers and manages records creates obstacles to accessing reliable data and developing evidence-based legislation.
    • The voluntary nature of the National Disability Registry (RND) and the lack of strategies to promote its use—such as guaranteeing anonymity and access to benefits—contribute to under-registration, particularly in early childhood.
    • Effective educational inclusion must begin in early childhood through early detection and intervention, as the first years are critical for development. This requires political will, resource mobilization, and a multisectoral approach.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  6. La lectura fácil como herramienta para el acceso a la justicia de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo en América Latina [Easy reading as a tool for access to justice for people with intellectual and development disabilities in Latin America]

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    Points of interest:

    • Easy-to-Read as a Solution: This research proposes adapting texts into Easy-to-Read format as an urgent practice to reduce the inequality gap and ensure that this group can make their own decisions and exercise their rights on equal terms.
    • The author emphasizes that support mechanisms are tangible ways to guarantee effective participation. This includes eliminating legal guardianship and replacing it with supported decision-making models.
    • Significant obstacles are identified, such as physical, communicative, and attitudinal barriers within the judicial system.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus for People with Disabilities (DISC) and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

  7. Sin detección, sin denuncia y sin proceso: la vulneración de derechos de niñas y niños con discapacidad intelectual en Chile [Undetected, unreported and unprosecuted: the violation of the rights of children with intellectual disabilities in Chile]

    Comments Off on Sin detección, sin denuncia y sin proceso: la vulneración de derechos de niñas y niños con discapacidad intelectual en Chile [Undetected, unreported and unprosecuted: the violation of the rights of children with intellectual disabilities in Chile]

    Summary:

    Speaking of Children and Adolescents (CNA) instead of the generic term “child” to refer to the diverse individuals within this group, or beginning to speak of childhoods in the plural, is a step forward in recognizing the diversity of voices and actors. When we say that all children are subjects of rights and not objects of protection, this implies active participation in forums where issues affecting them are addressed. This principle applies to CNA with typical development, but also to CNA with disabilities, with children with intellectual disabilities (ID) being the most frequently questioned when it comes to “presuming competence.” CNA with ID are more vulnerable than their neurotypical peers to rights violations and, especially, to sexual abuse. In this chapter, we provide a review of rights, focusing on CNA with disabilities, examining the case of CNA with ID as one that requires special attention. We present a summary of the barriers to accessing justice and propose a model of conscious and respectful care that improves access to justice for this group. Future research, with numerous ethical safeguards, should examine the situation of children and adolescents with disabilities from an empirical perspective.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus DISCA and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

     

  8. Participation and (Human) Occupation

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    Summary:

    This book gives occupational therapy students, science students, and practitioners a comprehensive overview of key concepts about human occupation, while also presenting a wide range of perspectives for observing and understanding the work of occupational therapy and occupational science.

    The book is composed of 40 chapters and is divided into 5 sections:

    • Section 1: Overview of Human Occupation. This section introduces the field of occupational therapy and its conceptual landscape, including different models of therapeutic practice and practical reasoning.
    • Section 2: Contemporary Perspectives on Human Occupation. Includes critical perspectives on disability and race, and the philosophical foundations of occupational science.
    • Section 3: Main Concepts. Explanations of the conceptual language of human occupation, through discussions linked to the individual, the social, the psychological, the physical, performance, and the environment.
    • Section 4: Human Occupation throughout the lifespan and its course. It encompasses the development of human occupation from childhood to old age.
    • Section 5: Domains and Types of Human Occupation. From sleep to play, from sexuality to social participation, and from education to work.

     

    With an exceptionally international scope, each chapter of this edited book includes learning objectives, key terms, summary notes, questions, and a list of additional online resources for readers. This is a comprehensive resource for anyone beginning a course in occupational therapy, clinicians seeking an accessible reference to support their practice, or occupational scientists needing access to contemporary concepts related to occupation.

    Notes:

  9. Repertorios en resistencia de la discapacidad en el estallido social chileno [Disability’s repertoires in resistance in the Chilean social outbreak]

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    Points of interest:

    • This article aims to reconstruct and politically interrogate the space of dispute where the archive of the “disabled” body and its current repertoires of resistance reside.
    • The central elements of this article are the disability archives in Chile and the repertoires embodied in resistance to said archive within the framework of the so-called Chilean social “outbreak”.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus DISCA and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.