Núcleo Disca

Disability and citizenship

Archive

  1. Turnstile politics: practices of care and mobility justice in Santiago’s public transport system

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    Points of interest:

    • Public transport in Chile was designed without considering the different types of people’s bodies and how they move. This is seen in how people pass through the turnstiles of micros.
    • “Micro” is a way of naming public transport buses in Chile.
    • The author talks about the concept of “Mobility Justice.” This concept refers to how things surrounding people affect their mobility.
    • This study looks at how people deal with their problems with the use of tourniquets. We also observe the forms of care that people create in response to these problems.
    • This study mentions that the use of tourniquets in microphones is a mobility injustice. This is mentioned because the tourniquets make it difficult for people with different bodies to climb into the micro.
    • The author mentions that the use of tourniquets is a practice that excludes some passengers. These passengers create different ways of being able to get on the microphone and pass the turnstile. In addition, some passengers help each other to turn the turnstile or carry heavy bags that make it difficult to get through there.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was made by Núcleo Milenio DISCA, and was based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations and references.
    • This article is not free of charge. Available for purchase at the following link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17450101.2024.2380824
    • This article was originally published in English.

  2. Are children under five with disabilities’ educational rights acknowledged and supported in Chile?

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    Points of interest:

    • Between 2015 and 2023, the number of students with autism enrolled in the School Integration Program (PIE) in Chile increased by over 1,000%, revealing greater detection but also significant challenges for the inclusive education system
    • There are no clear records of children under the age of five with disabilities, which hinders the design of early and adequate public policies and intervention strategies.
    • There is weak interconnection between public institutions. The lack of coordination and clarity on which institution administers and manages records creates obstacles to accessing reliable data and developing evidence-based legislation.
    • The voluntary nature of the National Disability Registry (RND) and the lack of strategies to promote its use—such as guaranteeing anonymity and access to benefits—contribute to under-registration, particularly in early childhood.
    • Effective educational inclusion must begin in early childhood through early detection and intervention, as the first years are critical for development. This requires political will, resource mobilization, and a multisectoral approach.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by Núcleo Milenio DISCA and is based exclusively on the original publication. Therefore, it should not be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  3. La lectura fácil como herramienta para el acceso a la justicia de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo en América Latina [Easy reading as a tool for access to justice for people with intellectual and development disabilities in Latin America]

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    Points of interest:

    • Easy-to-Read as a Solution: This research proposes adapting texts into Easy-to-Read format as an urgent practice to reduce the inequality gap and ensure that this group can make their own decisions and exercise their rights on equal terms.
    • The author emphasizes that support mechanisms are tangible ways to guarantee effective participation. This includes eliminating legal guardianship and replacing it with supported decision-making models.
    • Significant obstacles are identified, such as physical, communicative, and attitudinal barriers within the judicial system.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus for People with Disabilities (DISC) and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

  4. Sin detección, sin denuncia y sin proceso: la vulneración de derechos de niñas y niños con discapacidad intelectual en Chile [Undetected, unreported and unprosecuted: the violation of the rights of children with intellectual disabilities in Chile]

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    Summary:

    Speaking of Children and Adolescents (CNA) instead of the generic term “child” to refer to the diverse individuals within this group, or beginning to speak of childhoods in the plural, is a step forward in recognizing the diversity of voices and actors. When we say that all children are subjects of rights and not objects of protection, this implies active participation in forums where issues affecting them are addressed. This principle applies to CNA with typical development, but also to CNA with disabilities, with children with intellectual disabilities (ID) being the most frequently questioned when it comes to “presuming competence.” CNA with ID are more vulnerable than their neurotypical peers to rights violations and, especially, to sexual abuse. In this chapter, we provide a review of rights, focusing on CNA with disabilities, examining the case of CNA with ID as one that requires special attention. We present a summary of the barriers to accessing justice and propose a model of conscious and respectful care that improves access to justice for this group. Future research, with numerous ethical safeguards, should examine the situation of children and adolescents with disabilities from an empirical perspective.

     

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus DISCA and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

     

  5. Participation and (Human) Occupation

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    Summary:

    This book gives occupational therapy students, science students, and practitioners a comprehensive overview of key concepts about human occupation, while also presenting a wide range of perspectives for observing and understanding the work of occupational therapy and occupational science.

    The book is composed of 40 chapters and is divided into 5 sections:

    • Section 1: Overview of Human Occupation. This section introduces the field of occupational therapy and its conceptual landscape, including different models of therapeutic practice and practical reasoning.
    • Section 2: Contemporary Perspectives on Human Occupation. Includes critical perspectives on disability and race, and the philosophical foundations of occupational science.
    • Section 3: Main Concepts. Explanations of the conceptual language of human occupation, through discussions linked to the individual, the social, the psychological, the physical, performance, and the environment.
    • Section 4: Human Occupation throughout the lifespan and its course. It encompasses the development of human occupation from childhood to old age.
    • Section 5: Domains and Types of Human Occupation. From sleep to play, from sexuality to social participation, and from education to work.

     

    With an exceptionally international scope, each chapter of this edited book includes learning objectives, key terms, summary notes, questions, and a list of additional online resources for readers. This is a comprehensive resource for anyone beginning a course in occupational therapy, clinicians seeking an accessible reference to support their practice, or occupational scientists needing access to contemporary concepts related to occupation.

    Notes:

  6. Repertorios en resistencia de la discapacidad en el estallido social chileno [Disability’s repertoires in resistance in the Chilean social outbreak]

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    Points of interest:

    • This article aims to reconstruct and politically interrogate the space of dispute where the archive of the “disabled” body and its current repertoires of resistance reside.
    • The central elements of this article are the disability archives in Chile and the repertoires embodied in resistance to said archive within the framework of the so-called Chilean social “outbreak”.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus DISCA and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in Spanish.

  7. Care cooperatives in Uruguay, Argentina and Chile; a look at their hinderers and opportunities to achieve development

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    Points of interest:

    • The article presents a study on the factors that strengthen care cooperatives in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile.
    • The aim of this article is to explore the experiences and perceptions of people associated with the world of care cooperatives.
    • Cooperatives encounter barriers related to gender equality, labor market dynamics, and welfare conditions that prevent them from following the established guidelines.
    • Sixteen interviews were conducted.
    • The findings are based on the challenges faced by care cooperatives, including those associated with gender issues, lack of experience, and the essential need for both public and private support.
    • This article establishes a dialogue around cooperatives in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

    Notes:

    • The following summary was prepared by the Millennium Nucleus DISCA and is based exclusively on the publication. Therefore, it cannot be used for citations or references.
    • This article was originally published in English.

  8. ¡No más caridad, queremos derechos, justicia y dignidad! Las marchas anti-teletón en Chile (2011-2021)

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    The objective of this text was to analyze the process of anti-Tele-ton marches developed in Chile in the 21st century from the perspective of its protagonists. Thus, we identify some of its milestones, describe the nodes of meaning regarding disability put into play, and examine some of its social implications. For this, we start from the contributions of Disability Studies and favor a qualitative approach. We conduct a documentary anal-ysis of primary and secondary sources of the pioneering groups in this fight. The results highlight four chronological milestones and meaning: 1) 2011, where the nascent Palos de Ciego Collec-tive showed a systematic cry of struggle: “No more charity! We want rights, justice, and dignity!”, 2) 2014-2017, with the gradual spread of criticism of the Teletón and dissemination of a rights-based approach; 3) 2018, where Acción Mutante criticizes 40 years of ableism from functional dissidence; 4) 2019, when the founding song of struggle became the motto of a march called by the National Collective for Disability, mobilizing more than 10,000 people throughout the country, within the framework of the social outbreak and ending in the request for constitutional recognition of this sector of the population one year later.

     

    Note: This article was originally published in Spanish.

  9. Reivindicative occupational practices of activist with disabilities

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    Introduction: The occupational praxis of activists with disabilities in the Latin America has presented actions of revindication from historically marginalised territories.

    Objective: To explore and describe strategies used by Chilean activist with disabilities.

    Method: Qualitative design via three research techniques: a) 11 in-depth interviews; b) six group chat sessions; c) content analysis of eight social networks belonging to collectives of activists with disabilities in Chile.

    Results: Activists indicate various occupations for revindication as subjects with rights. These trajectories are exemplified with the following dimensions: 1) Interpellate full social participation: demanding justice and citizenship; 2) Showing defective bodies: public mobilisations; 3) Occupying institutional space by placing: bodies in the system.

    Conclusion: Dissident occupational practices intervene and transform the limited comprehension about what human vulnerability and fragility is capable of. This situation is mainly appreciated in the Global South.

     

    Note: This article was originally published in English.